Environmental Chemistry

    Environmental chemists characterize pollution of aquatic, terrestrial, and atmospheric ecosystems. Research is conducted to provide information to resource managers regarding source of pollution, exposure, trophic transfer, and environmental fate.
    Custom analytical methods are developed to decipher complex mixtures of emerging contaminants, endocrine disruptors, toxic elements, and persistent organic pollutants (including dioxins).
    The Environmental Chemistry Branch has state-of-the-art analytical facilities that include gas and liquid chromatography (LC), low and high resolution mass spectrometry (MS), ICP-MS, direct mercury analyzer, atomic absorption, and LC/MS. Passive sampling methods such as the SPMD, POCIS, SLMD, and PIMS were invented by the Branch and now used worldwide to assess pollutant exposure.

Study Areas

Staff Members

Selected Publications

Ecological effects of lead mining on Ozark streams: In-situ toxicity to woodland crayfish (Orconectes hylas) (91614)

Allert, A.L., Fairchild, J.F., DiStefano, R.J., Schmitt, C.J., Brumbaugh, W.G. and Besser, J.M. 2009. Ecological effects of lead mining on Ozark streams: In-situ toxicity to woodland crayfish (Orconectes hylas) Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 72(4): 1207-1219.
Effects of mining-derived metals on riffle-dwelling benthic fishes in Southeast Missouri, USA (91663)

Allert, A.L., Fairchild, J.F., Schmitt, C.J., Besser, J.M., Brumbaugh, W.G. and Olson, S.J. 2009. Effects of mining-derived metals on riffle-dwelling benthic fishes in Southeast Missouri, USA. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 72(6): 1642-1651.
Assessment of organic contaminants in integrative samplers from Chesapeake Bay tributaries (91309)

Alvarez, D.A., Cranor, W.L., Huckins, J.N., Clark, R.C. and Perkins, S.D. 2004. Assessment of organic contaminants in integrative samplers from Chesapeake Bay tributaries. Final report to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Annnapolis, MD.
Reproductive health of bass in the Potomac, USA, drainage: Part 2. Seasonal occurrence of persistent and emerging organic contaminants (91609)

Alvarez, D.A., Cranor, W.L., Perkins, S.D., Schroeder, V.L., Iwanowicz, L.R., Clark, R.C., Guy, C.P., Pinkney, A.E., Blazer, V.S. and Mullican, J.E. 2009. Reproductive health of bass in the Potomac, USA, drainage: Part 2. Seasonal occurrence of persistent and emerging organic contaminants. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 28(5): 1084-1095.
Reconnaissance of Persistent and Emerging Contaminants in the Shenandoah and James River Basins, Virginia, During Spring of 2007

Alvarez, D.A., Cranor, W.L., Perkins, S.D., Schroeder, V.L., Werner, S.L., Furlong, E.T., Kain, D., and Brent, R., 2008, Reconnaissance of Persistent and Emerging Contaminants in the Shenandoah and James River Basins, Virginia, During Spring of 2007: U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, Columbia, Missouri, Open-File Report 2008-1231, 19 p.
Evaluation of metal toxicity in streams of the Upper Animas River Watershed, Colorado (91262)

Besser, J.M., Allert, A.L., Hardesty, D., Ingersoll, C.G., May, T.W., Wang, N. and Lieb, K.J. 2001. Evaluation of metal toxicity in streams of the Upper Animas River Watershed, Colorado. U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Science Report 2001-001.
Ecological impacts of lead mining on Ozark streams: Toxicity of sediment and pore water (91430)

Besser, J.M., Brumbaugh, W.G., Allert, A.L., Schmitt, C.J. and Ingersoll, C.G. 2009. Ecological impacts of lead mining on Ozark streams: Toxicity of sediment and pore water. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 72(2): 516-526.
Assessment of metal bioavailability in a watershed affected by abandoned mine lands

Besser, J.M., Brumbaugh, W.G., Church, S.E., and Kimball, B.A., 1997, Assessment of metal bioavailability in a watershed affected by abandoned mine lands: Poster presented at the Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry SETAC annual meeting, Nov. 1997, San Francisco.
Bioavailability of metals in stream food webs and hazards to brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in the upper Animas River watershed, Colorado (91134)

Besser, J.M., Brumbaugh, W.G., May, T.W., Church. S.E., and Kimball, B.A., 2001, Bioavailability of metals in stream food webs and hazards to brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in the upper Animas River watershed, Colorado: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 40(48-59). Results of a study of pathways of metal bioaccumulation and transfer in stream food webs (periphyton, benthic invertebrates, and brook trout liver tissue), with samples collected 1996-1997.
Acute and chronic toxicity of lead in water and diet to the amphipod, Hyalella azteca (91377)

Besser, J.M., Brunson, E.L., Brumbaugh, W.G. and Ingersoll, C.G. 2005. Acute and chronic toxicity of lead in water and diet to the amphipod, Hyalella azteca. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 24(7): 1807-1815.
A national pilot study of mercury contamination of aquatic ecosystems along multiple gradients: Bioaccumulation in fish (91184)

Brumbaugh, W.G., Krabbenhoft, D.P., Helsel, D.R., Wiener, J.G. and Echols, K.R. 2001. A national pilot study of mercury contamination of aquatic ecosystems along multiple gradients: Bioaccumulation in fish. USGS/BRD/BSR 2001-0009.
Toxicity and bioavailability of metals in the Missouri River adjacent to a lead refinery (91194)

Chapman, D.C., A.L., A., Fairchild, J., May, T.W., Schmitt, C.J. and Callahan, E.V. 2001. Toxicity and bioavailability of metals in the Missouri River adjacent to a lead refinery. U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Science Report 2001-0004.
An examination of the sensitivity of bighead and silver carp to Antimycin A and Rotenone (91293)

Chapman, D., Fairchild, J.F., Deters, J., Feltz, K., and Witte, C., 2003, An examination of the sensitivity of bighead and silver carp to Antimycin A and Rotenone.
Uptake rate constants and partition coefficients for vapor phase organic chemicals using semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) (91636)

Cranor, W.L., Alvarez, D.A., Huckins, J.N. and Petty, J.D. 2009. Uptake rate constants and partition coefficients for vapor phase organic chemicals using semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) Atmospheric Environment, 43(20): 3211-3219.
Use of SPMD Technology for a Probablisitic Assessment of Hydrophobic Organic Contaminants in Selected Reaches of Virginia Rivers

Cranor, W.L., Alvarez, D.A., Perkins, S.D., Tegerdine, G.A., Clark, R.C., and Huckins, J.N., 2005, Use of SPMD Technology for a Probablisitic Assessment of Hydrophobic Organic Contaminants in Selected Reaches of Virginia Rivers: U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, Columbia, Missouri, Report to Virgina Department of Environmental Quality, 135 p.
An ecological risk assessment of the acute and chronic toxicity of the herbicide Picloram to the threatened Bull Trout (Salvelinus confluentus) and the Rainbow Trout (Onchorhyncus mykiss) (91621)

Fairchild, J.F., Feltz, K.P., Allert, A.L., Sappington, L.C., Nelson, K.J. and Valle, J.A. 2009. An ecological risk assessment of the exposure and effects of 2,4-D acid to rainbow trout (Onchorhyncus mykiss) Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 56(4): 754-760.
An ecological risk assessment of the exposure and effects of 2,4-D acid to rainbow trout (Onchorhyncus mykiss) (91547)

Fairchild, J.F., Feltz, K.P., Sappington, L.C., Allert, A.L., Nelson, K.J. and Valle, J. 2009. An ecological risk assessment of the acute and chronic toxicity of the herbicide Picloram to the threatened Bull Trout (Salvelinus confluentus) and the Rainbow Trout (Onchorhyncus mykiss) Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 56(4): 761-769.
An integrated assessment of the trophic status of Fort Cobb Reservoir, Oklahoma (91311)

Fairchild, J.F., Lakish, B., Echols, K., Chapman, D., Johnson, B. and Jones, S. 2003. An integrated assessment of the trophic status of Fort Cobb Reservoir, Oklahoma. Final report to U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Great Plains Region, Billings. MT
Synthesis of Water, Sediment, and Biological Data Using Hazard Quotients to Assess Ecosystem Health (91374)

Finger, S.E., Farag, A.M., Nimick, D.A., Church, S.E., and Sole, T.C., 2004, Synthesis of Water, Sediment, and Biological Data Using Hazard Quotients to Assess Ecosystem Health: U.S. Geological Survey, Professional Paper 1652-C., 47 p.
Estimation of Freely-Dissolved Concentrations of Polychlorinated Biphenyls, 2,3,7,8-Substituted Congeners and Homologs of Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans in Water for Development of Total Maximum Daily Loadings for the Bluestone River Watershed, Virginia and West Virginia

Gale, R.W., 2007, Estimation of Freely-Dissolved Concentrations of Polychlorinated Biphenyls, 2,3,7,8-Substituted Congeners and Homologs of Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans in Water for Development of Total Maximum Daily Loadings for the Bluestone River Watershed, Virginia and West Virginia: USGS Columbia Environmental Science Center, Open-File Report 2007-1272, 27 p.
Semivolatile organic compounds in residential air along the Arizona-Mexico Border (91629)

Gale, R.W., Cranor, W.L., Alvarez, D.A., Huckins, J.N., Petty, J.D. and Robertson, G.L. 2009. Semivolatile organic compounds in residential air along the Arizona−Mexico Border. Environmental Science and Technology, 43(9): 3054-3060.
Determination of Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Selected Persistent Organochlorine Pesticides, and Polybrominated Flame Retardants in Fillets of Fishes from the 2006 Missouri Department of Conservation Monitoring Programs

Gale, R.W., May, T.W., Orazio, C.E., and McKee, M.J., 2008, Determination of Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Selected Persistent Organochlorine Pesticides, and Polybrominated Flame Retardants in Fillets of Fishes from the 2006 Missouri Department of Conservation Monitoring Programs: U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, Open-File Report 2008-1028, 36 p.
Determination of Diphacinone in Sea Water, Vertebrates, Invertebrates, and Bait Pellet Formulations Following Aerial Broadcast on Mokapu Island, Molokai, Hawai'i

Gale, R.W., Tanner, M., and Orazio, C.E., 2008, Determination of Diphacinone in Sea Water, Vertebrates, Invertebrates, and Bait Pellet Formulations Following Aerial Broadcast on Mokapu Island, Molokai, Hawai'i: U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, Columbia, Missouri, Open-File Report 2008-1285, 16 p.
How useful are the "other" semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs); the mini-unit (15.2 cm long)? (91634)

Goodbred, S.L., Bryant, W.L., Rosen, M.R., Alvarez, D. and Spencer, T. 2009. How useful are the "other" semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs); the mini-unit (15.2 cm long)? Science of The Total Environment, 407(13): 4149-5156.
Biomonitoring of Environmental Status and Trends (BEST) Program: Environmental contaminants and their effects on fish in the Yukon River Basin (91350)

Hinck, J.E., Bartish, T.M., Blazer, V.S., Denslow, N.D., Gross, T.S., Myers, M.S., Anderson, P.J., Orazio, C.E. and Tillitt, D.E., 2004m Biomonitoring of Environmental Status and Trends (BEST) Program: Environmental Contaminants and Their Effects on Fish in the Yukon River Basin: U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, Columbia, Missouri, Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5285, 87 p.
Biomonitoring of Environmental Status and Trends (BEST) Program: Environmental contaminants, health indicators, and reproductive biomarker in fish from the Colorado River Basin (91466)

Hinck, J.E., Blazer, V.S., Denslow, N.D., Gross, T.S., Echols, K.R., Davis, A.P., May, T.W., Orazio, C.E., Coyle, J.J. and Tillitt, D.E., 2006, Biomonitoring of Environmental Status and Trends (BEST) Program: Environmental Contaminants, Health Indicators, and Reproductive Biomarkers in Fish from the Colorado River Basin: U.S. Geological Survey, Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5163.
Persistence of organochlorine chemical residues in fish from the Tombigbee River (Alabama, USA): Continuing risk to wildlife from a former DDT manufacturing facility (91595)

Hinck, J.E., Norstrom, R.J., Orazio, C.E., Schmitt, C.J. and Tillit, D.E. 2009. Persistence of organochlorine chemical residues in fish from the Tombigbee River (Alabama, USA): Continuing risk to wildlife from a former DDT manufacturing facility Environmental Pollution 157(2): 582-591.
Environmental contaminants in fish and their associated risk to piscivorous wildlife in the Yukon River Basin, Alaska (91465)

Hinck, J.E., Schmitt, C.J., Echols, K.R., May, T.W., Orazio, C.E. and Tillitt, D.E. 2006. Environmental contaminants in fish and their associated risk to piscivorous wildlife in the Yukon River Basin, Alaska. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 51(4): 661-672.
Reproductive health of bass in the Potomac, USA, drainage: Part 1. Exploring the effects of proximity to wastewater treatment and plant discharge (91608)

Iwanowicz, L.R., Blazer, V.S., Guy, C.P., Pinkney, A.E., Mullican, J.E. and Alvarez, D.A. 2009. Reproductive health of bass in the Potomac, USA, drainage: Part 1. Exploring the effects of proximity to wastewater treatment and plant discharge. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 28(5): 1072-1083.
Environmental Persistence and Toxicity of Fire-Retardant Chemicals, Fire-Trol, GTS-R and Phos-Chek D75R to Fathead Minnows

Little, E.E. and Calfee, R.D., 2002, Environmental Persistence and Toxicity of Fire-Retardant Chemicals, Fire-Trol, GTS-R and Phos-Chek D75R to Fathead Minnows, 2002, U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, Columbia, Missouri, Final Report to U.S. Forest Service
Concentrations of elements in fish fillets, fish muscle plugs, and crayfish from the 2007 Missouri Department of Conservation General Contaminant Monitoring Program (91596)

May, T.W., Walther, M.J., Saiki, M.K. and Brumbaugh, W.B. 2009. Total selenium and selenium species in irrigation drain inflows to the Salton Sea, California, April and July 2008. U.S. Geological Survey, Open-File Report 2009-1011.
Total Selenium and Selenium Species in Irrigation Drain Inflows to the Salton Sea, California, April and July 2007

May, T.W., Walther, M.J., Saiki, M.K. and Brumbaugh, W.G., 2007, Total Selenium and Selenium Species in Irrigation Drain Inflows to the Salton Sea, California, April and July 2007: U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, Columbia, Missouri, Open-File Report 2007-1347, 18 p.
Total Selenium and Selenium Species in Irrigation Drain Inflows to the Salton Sea, California, October 2007 and January 2008

May, T.W., Walther, M.J., Saiki, M.K. and Brumbaugh, W.G., 2008, Total Selenium and Selenium Species in Irrigation Drain Inflows to the Salton Sea, California, October 2007 and January 2008: U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, Columbia, Missouri, Open-File Report 2008-1178, 15 p.
Selenium Concentrations in Irrigation Drain Inflows to the Salton Sea, California, October 2006 and January 2007

May, T.W., Walther, M.W., and Brumbaugh, W.G., 2007, Selenium Concentrations in Irrigation Drain Inflows to the Salton Sea, California, October 2006 and January 2007: U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, Columbia, Missouri, Open-File Report 2007-1113, 19 p.
Investigation of the Distribution of Organochlorine and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Compounds in the Lower Columbia River Using Semipermeable-membrane Devices

McCarthy, K.A. and Gale, R.W, 1999, Investigation of the Distribution of Organochlorine and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Compounds in the Lower Columbia River Using Semipermeable-membrane Devices: U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, Columbia, Missouri, Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4051, 136 p.
Reproductive Health of Bass in the Potomac Drainage: II

N/A, 2009, Reproductive Health of Bass in the Potomac Drainage: II
Survey of Chemical Contaminants in the Hanalei River, Kaua'i, Hawai'i, 2001

Orazio, C.E., May, T.W., Gale, R.W., Meadows, J.C., Brumbaugh, W.G., Echols, K.R., Steiner, W.W.M., and Berg, C.J., Jr., 2007, Survey of Chemical Contaminants in the Hanalei River, Kaua'i, Hawai'i, 2001: U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, Columbia, Missouri, Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5096, 22 p.
The Use of Semipermeable Membrane Devices (SPMDs) to Concentrate Inducers of Fish Hepatic Mixed Oxygenase (MFO) (90906)

Parrott, J.L. and Tillitt, D.E., 1997, The Use of Semipermeable Membrane Devices (SPMDs) to Concentrate Inducers of Fish Hepatic Mixed Oxygenase (MFO):Chapter 12 in Ecotoxicology:Responses, Biomarkers, and Risk Assessment, 12 p.
Assessment of Missouri River Habitat Quality Using SPMDs

Petty, J.D., Huckins, J.N., Orazio, C.E., Lebo, J.A., Poulton, B.C., and Gale, R.W., 1993, Assessment of Missouri River Habitat Quality Using Semi- Permiable Membrane Device: U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, Columbia, Missouri, 181 p.
A macroinvertebrate assessment of Ozark streams located in lead–zinc mining areas of the Viburnum Trend in southeastern Missouri, USA

Poulton, B.C., Allert, A.L., Besser, J.M., Schmitt, C.J., Brumbaugh, W.B. and Fairchild, J.F. in press. A macroinvertebrate assessment of Ozark streams located in lead–zinc mining areas of the Viburnum Trend in southeastern Missouri, USA Environmental Monitoring and Assessment.
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydorcarbons in Water, Sediment and Snow from Lakes in Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming, (91344)

Rhea, D.T., Gale, R.W., Orazio, C.E., Peterman, P.H., Harper, D.D., and Farag, A.M., 2005, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydorcarbons in Water, Sediment and Snow from Lakes in Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, Columbia, Missouri, Final Report, 29 p.
Summary of total mercury concentrations in fillets of selected sport fishes collected during 2000–2003 from Lake Natoma, Sacramento County, California (91592)

Saiki, M.K., Slotton, D.G., May, T.W., Ayers, S.M., and Alpers, C.N., 2004, Summary of Total Mercury Concentrations in Fillets of Selected Sport Fishes Collected During 2000-2003 from Lake Natoma, Sacramento County, California: U.S. Geological Survey, Data Series 103, 28 p.
Concentrations of cadmium, cobalt, lead, nickel, and zinc in blood and fillets of northern hog sucker (Hypentelium nigricans ) from streams contaminated by lead-zinc mining: Implications for monitoring (91615)

Schmitt, C.J., Brumbaugh, W.G. and May, T.W. 2009. Concentrations of cadmium, cobalt, lead, nickel, and zinc in blood and fillets of northern hog sucker (Hypentelium nigricans ) from streams contaminated by lead–zinc mining: Implications for monitoring Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 56(3): 509-524.
The Toxic Equivalents Approach for Fish and Wildlife (90969)

Tillitt, D.E., 1999, The Toxic Equivalents Approach for Fish and Wildlife: Human and Ecological Risk Assessment, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp 25-32.
Evaluation of acute copper toxicity to juvenile freshwater mussels(fatmucket, Lampsilis siliquoidea) in natural and reconsitituted waters (in press)

Wang, N., Mebane, C.A., Kunz, J.L., Ingersoll, C.G., May, T.W., Arnold, R.W., Santore, R., Augspurger, T., Dwyer, F.J. and Barnhart, C. in press. Evaluation of acute copper toxicity to juvenile freshwater mussels (fatmucket, Lampsilis siliquoidea) in natural and reconsitituted waters. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. (an online abstract is not available. You will be directed to Dr. Ning Wang's profile.)
Effects of lead-zinc mining on crayfish (Orconectes hylas) in the Black River watershed, Missouri (91612)

Allert, A.L., Fairchild, J.F., DiStefano, R.J., Schmitt, C.J., Besser, J.M., Brumbaugh, W.G. and Poulton, B.C. 2008. Effects of lead-zinc mining on crayfish (Orconectes hylas) in the Black River watershed, Missouri. Freshwater Crayfish, 16: 97-111.
Effect of lead-zinc mining on crayfish in the Black River watershed, Missouri (91613)

Allert, A.L., Fairchild, J.F., DiStefano, R.J., Schmitt, C.J., Besser, J.M., Brumbraugh, W.G. and Poulton, B.C. 2008. Effect of lead-zinc mining on crayfish in the Black River watershed, Missouri. Missouri Department of Conservation, Science Notes, 3: 2p.
Investigation of Organic Chemicals Potentially Responsible for Mortality and Intersex in Fish of the North Fork of the Shenandoah River, Virginia, During Spring of 2007

Alvarez, D.A., Cranor, W.L., Perkins, S.D., Schroeder, V.L., Werner, S.L., Furlong, E.T., and Holmes, J., 2008, Investigation of organic chemicals potentially responsible for mortality and intersex in fish of the North Fork of the Shenandoah River, Virginia, during spring of 2007: U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, Columbia, Missouri, Open-File Report 2008–1093, 16 p.
Biological and chemical characterization of metal bioavailability in sediments from Lake Roosevelt, Columbia River, Washington, USA (91548)

Besser, J.M., Brumbaugh, W.G., Ivey, C.D., Ingersoll, C.G. and Moran, P.W. 2008. Biological and chemical characterization of metal bioavailability in sediments from Lake Roosevelt, Columbia River, Washington, USA Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 54(4): 557-570.
Determination of polychlorinated biphenyls, selected persistent organochlorine pesticides, and polybrominated flame retardants in fillets of fishes from the 2006 Missouri Department of Conservation Monitoring Programs (91477)

Gale, R.W., Orazio, C.E., and McKee, M.J., 2009, Determination of polychlorinated biphenyls, selected persistent organochlorine pesticides, and polybrominated flame retardants in fillets of fishes from the 2007 Missouri Department of Conservation Monitoring Programs: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009–1053, 20 p.
Effects of acclimation on the toxicity of stream water contaminated with zinc and cadmium to juvenile cutthroat trout (91529)

Harper, D.D., Farag, A. and Brumbaugh, W.G. 2008. Effects of acclimation on the toxicity of stream water contaminated with zinc and cadmium to juvenile cutthroat trout. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 54(4): 697-704.
Chemical contaminants, health indicators, and reproductive biomarker responses in fish from rivers in the Southeastern United States (91509)

Hinck, J.E., Blazer, V.S., Denslow, N.D., Echols, K.R., Gale, R.W., Wieser, C., May, T.W., Ellersieck, M., Coyle, J.J. and Tillitt, D.E. 2008. Chemical contaminants, health indicators, and reproductive biomarker responses in fish from rivers in the Southeastern United States. Science of the Total Environment, 390(2-3): 538-557.
An evaluation of selenium concentrations in water, sediment, invertebrates, and fish from the Solomon River Basin (91507)

May, T.W., Fairchild, J.F., Petty, J.D., Walther, M.J., Lucero, J., Delvaux, M., Manring, J. and Armbuster, M. 2008. An evaluation of selenium concentrations in water, sediment, invertebrates, and fish from the Solomon River Basin Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 137(1-3):213-232.
Procedures for collecting and processing aquatic invertebrates and fish for analysis of mercury as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program (91591)

Scudder, B.C., Chaser, L.C., DeWeese, L.R., Brigham, M.E., Wentz, D.A. and Brumbraugh, W.G. 2008. Procedures for collecting and processing aquatic invertebrates and fish for analysis of mercury as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program. U.S. Geological Survey, Open-File Report 2008-1208.
Occurrence of organic wastewater compounds in the Tinkers Creek Watershed and two other tributaries to the Cuyahoga River, Northeast Ohio (91618)

Tertuliani, J.S., Alvarez, D.A., Furlong, E.T., Meyer, M.T., Zaugg, S.D. and Koltun, G.F. 2008. Occurrence of organic wastewater compounds in the Tinkers Creek Watershed and two other tributaries to the Cuyahoga River, Northeast Ohio. U.S. Geological Survey, Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5173.
Biomonitoring of lead, zinc, and cadmium in streams draining lead-mining and non-mining areas, Southeast Missouri, USA (91538)

Besser, J.M., Brumbaugh, W.G., May, T.W. and Schmitt, C.J. 2007. Biomonitoring of lead, zinc, and cadmium in streams draining lead-mining and non-mining areas, Southeast Missouri, USA Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 129 (1-3): 277-241.
Sensitivity of mottled sculpins (Cottus Bairdi) and rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus Mykiss) to acute and chronic toxicity of cadmium, copper, and zinc (91542)

Besser, J.M., Mebane, C.A., Mount, D.R., Ivey, C.D., Kunz, J.L., Greer, I.E., May, T.W. and Ingersoll, C.G. 2007. Sensitivity of mottled sculpins (Cottus Bairdi) and rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus Mykiss) to acute and chronic toxicity of cadmium, copper, and zinc. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 26(8): 1657-1665.
Assessment of elemental concentrations in streams of the New Lead Belt in Southeastern Missouri, 2002-05 (91485)

Brumbaugh, W.G., May, T.W., Besser, J.M., Allert, A.L. and Schmitt, C.J. 2007. Assessment of elemental concentrations in streams of the New Lead Belt in Southeastern Missouri, 2002-05. U.S. Geological Survey, Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5057.
Assessment of elemental concentrations in streams of the New Lead Belt in Southeastern Missouri, 2002-05 (91485)

Brumbaugh, W.G., May, T.W., Besser, J.M., Allert, A.L. and Schmitt, C.J. 2007. Assessment of elemental concentrations in streams of the New Lead Belt in Southeastern Missouri, 2002-05. U.S. Geological Survey, Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5057.
Biomonitoring of Environmental Status and Trends (BEST) Program: Environmental contaminants, health indicators, and reproductive biomarkers in fish from the Mobile, Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint, Savannah, and Pee Dee River Basins (91525)

Hinck, J.E., Blazer, V.S., Denslow, N.D., Echols, K.R., Gale, R.W., May, T.W., Claunch, R., Wieser, C., Anderson, P.J., Coyle, J.J., Gross, T.S., and Tillitt, D.E., 2007, Biomonitoring of Environmental Status and Trends (BEST) Program: Environmental Contaminants, Health Indicators, and Reproductive Biomarkers in Fish from the Mobile, Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint, Savannah, and Pee Dee River Basins:U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, Columbia, Missouri, Scienticific Investigations Report 2007-5176.
Determination of total mercury in fillets of sport fishes collected from Folsom and New Melones Reservoirs, California, 2004 (91488)

May, T.W. and Brumbaugh, W.G. 2007. Determination of total mercury in fillets of sport fishes collected from Folsom and New Melones Reservoirs, California, 2004. U.S. Geological Survey, Open-File Report 2007-1077.
Determination of total mercury in fillets of sport fishes collected from Folsom Reservoir, California, 2006 (91487)

May, T.W. and Brumbaugh, W.G. 2007. Determination of total mercury in fillets of sport fishes collected from Folsom Reservoir, California, 2006. U.S. Geological Survey, Open-File Report 2007-1078.
Determination of total mercury in whole-body fish and fish muscle plugs collected from the South Fork of the Humboldt River, Nevada, September 2005 (91489)

May, T.W. and Brumbaugh, W.G. 2007. Determination of total mercury in whole-body fish and fish muscle plugs collected from the South Fork of the Humboldt River, Nevada, September 2005. U.S. Geological Survey, Open File Report 2007-1059.
Evaluation of potentially nonlethal sampling methods for monitoring mercury concentrations in smallmouth bass ( Micropterus dolomieu ) (91513)

Schmitt, C.J. and Brumbaugh, W.G. 2007. Evaluation of potentially nonlethal sampling methods for monitoring mercury concentrations in smallmouth bass ( Micropterus dolomieu ) Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 53(1): 84-95.
Accumulation of metals in fish from lead-zinc mining areas of southeastern Missouri, USA (91490)

Schmitt, C.J., Brumbaugh, W.G. and May, T.W. 2007. Accumulation of metals in fish from lead–zinc mining areas of southeastern Missouri, USA Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 67(1): 14-30.
Concentrations of metals in aquatic invertebrates from the Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Missouri (91544)

Schmitt, C.J., Brumbaugh, W.G., Besser, J.M. and May, T.W. 2007. Concentrations of metals in aquatic invertebrates from the Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Missouri. U.S. Geological Survey, Open-File Report 2007-1435.
Biomarkers of metals exposure in fish from lead-zinc mining areas of Southeastern Missouri, USA (91491)

Schmitt, C.J., Whyte, J.J., Roberts, A.P., Annis, M.L., May, T.W. and Tillitt, D.E. 2007. Biomarkers of metals exposure in fish from lead-zinc mining areas of Southeastern Missouri, USA Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 67(1): 31-47.
Acute toxicity of copper, ammonia, and chlorine to glochidia and juveniles of freshwater mussels (Unionidae) (91522)

Wang, N., Ingersoll, C.G., Hardesty, D.K., Ivey, C.D., Kunz, J.L., May, T.W., Dwyer, F.J., Roberts, A.D., Augspurger, T., Kane, C.M., Neves, R.J. and Barnhart, M.C. 2007. Acute toxicity of copper, ammonia, and chlorine to glochidia and juveniles of freshwater mussels (Unionidae). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 26(10): 2036-2047.
A screening-level assessment of lead, cadmium, and zinc in fish and crayfish from Northeastern Oklahoma, USA (91451)

Schmitt, C.J., Brumbraugh, W.G., Linder, G.L. and Hinck, J.E. 2006. A screening-level assessment of lead, cadmium, and zinc in fish and crayfish from Northeastern Oklahoma, USA. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 28(5): 445-471.
Assessment of the biological recovery of the Upper Cedar Creek, Boone County, Missouri, following an abandoned mine land reclamation (91364)

Allert, A.L., Fairchild, J.F., Poulton, B.C., May, T.W. and Sappington, L.C. 2004. Assessment of the biological recovery of the Upper Cedar Creek, Boone County, Missouri, following an abandoned mine land reclamation. Final report to the Missouri Department of Natural Resources.
An examination of the sensitivity of bighead carp and silver carp to Antimycin A and Rotenone (91293)

Chapman, D., Fairchild, J., Carollo, B., Deters, J., Feltz, K. and Witte, C. 2003. An examination of the sensitivity of bighead carp and silver carp to Antimycin A and Rotenone. U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, 22p.
Bioavailability of lead and cadmium from mine tailings to the pocketbook mussel (Lampsilis ventricosa) (90553)

Schmitt, C.J., Finger, S.E., May, T.W. and Kaiser, M.S. 1987. Bioavailability of lead and cadmium from mine tailings to the pocketbook mussel (Lampsilis ventricosa). Proceedings of the Workshop on Die-Offs of Freshwater Mussels in the United States, Richard J. Neves, Editor Sponsored by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Upper Mississippi River Conservation Committee: 115-142.