Determination of Uptake Kinetics (Sampling Rates) by Lipid-Containing Semipermeable Membrane Devices (SPMDs) for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Water.

Metadata:
Identification_Information:
Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator:
James N. Huckins, Jimmie D. Petty, Carl E. Orazio, Jon A. Lebo, Randal C. Clark, Virginia L. Gibson, William R. Gala, and Kathy R. Echols
Originator:
U.S. Geolgical Survey, Biological Resources Division, Columbia Environmental Research Center
Publication_Date: 1999
Title:
Determination of Uptake Kinetics (Sampling Rates) by Lipid-Containing Semipermeable Membrane Devices (SPMDs) for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Water.
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Columbia, Missouri
Publisher:
U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, Columbia Environmental Research Center
Description:
Abstract:
The use of lipid-containing semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) is becoming commonplace, but very little sampling rate data is available for the estimation of ambient contaminant concentrations from analyte levels in exposed SPMDs. The investigators determined the aqueuous sampling rates (Rss; expressed as effective volumes of water extracted daily) of the standard (commercially available design) 1-g triolein SPMD for 15 of the priority pollutant (PP) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) at multiple temperatures and concentrations. Under the experimental conditions of this study, recovery-corrected RS values for PP PAHs ranged from approximately 1.0 to 8.0 L/d. These values would be expected to be influenced by significant changes (relative to this study) in water temperature, degree of biofouling, and current velocity-turbulence. Included in this paper is a discussion of the effects of temperature and octanol-water partition (Kow); the impacts of biofouling and hydrodynamics are reported separately. Overall, SPMDs responded proportionately to aqueous PAH concentrations; i.e., SPMD RS values and SPMD-water concentration factors were independent of aqueuous concentrations. Temperature effects (10, 18, and 26 degrees Centigrade on Rs values appeared to be complex but were relatively small.
Purpose:
Sampling rates were studied in order to estimate ambient contaminant concentrations from analyte levels in exposed SPMDs.
Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: unknown
Ending_Date: unknown
Currentness_Reference: observed
Status:
Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: uptake kinetics
Theme_Keyword: sampling rates
Theme_Keyword: semipermeable membrane devices
Theme_Keyword: SPMDs
Theme_Keyword: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Theme_Keyword: PAHs
Access_Constraints: none
Use_Constraints: none
Point_of_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization:
U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources
Division, Columbia Environmental Research Center
Contact_Person: James N. Huckins
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 4200 New Haven Road
City: Columbia
State_or_Province: Missouri
Postal_Code: 65201
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (573) 876-1879
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (573) 876-1896
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: James_Huckins@usgs.gov
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator:
James N. Huckins, Jimmie D. Petty, Carl E. Orazio, Jon A. Lebo, Randal C. Clark, Virginia L. Gibson, William R. Gala, and Kathy R. Echols
Publication_Date: 1999
Title:
Determination of uptake kinetics (sampling rates) by lipid-containing semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Water
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Environ. Sci. Technol.
Issue_Identification: 33
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: unknown
Publisher: American Chemical Society
Other_Citation_Details: pp. 3918-3923
Data_Quality_Information:
Attribute_Accuracy:
Attribute_Accuracy_Report:
About 25% of each sample set consisted of QC samples, that is, process blanks, controls, spikes, etc. Spiked samples used in flow-through diluter studies were generated by fortifying diluter control SPMDs and water with approximately 200 ng of each PP PAH. The percent recoveries of the PP PAH residues from spiked SPMD controls ranged from 21 (naphthalene) to 109% (fluorene) with coefficients of variation generally < 20%. For static freshwater exposures, spiked samples consisted of control water and control SPMD lipid and membrane fortified separately with 900 ng of each PAH. In general, the recovery of PP PAHs from spiked SPMDs, throughout the analytical procedures, remained constant at ~60% with good precision. Higher recoveries of PAHs (80 and 90%) were observed for fortified SPMD membrane and lipid, respectively, from static freshwater exposures. For each batch of SPMD samples (n = 12) from the diluter and static freshwater studies, an SPMD blank (a freshly prepared SPMD) and a reagent blank (75 mL of hexane) were also taken through the entire enrichment procedure.
Logical_Consistency_Report: not applicable
Completeness_Report: unknown
Lineage:
Methodology:
Methodology_Type: Lab
Methodology_Identifier:
Methodology_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Methodology_Keyword: Preparation of SPMDs
Methodology_Description:
The SPMD technology is the subject of U.S. patents 5,098,573 and 5,395,426. Although SPMDs are commercially available from the exclusive licensee (EST, St. Joseph, MO), the SPMDs used in this study were made at the Columbia Environmental Research Center (CERC). Other than the licensee, CERC (the inventors) is the only entity authorized in the United States to make SPMDs. To reduce vapor-phase contamination, the SPMDs were assembled in a clean room. Layflat low-density polyethylene (LDPE) tubing, soaked beforehand in hexane to remove contaminants (Lebo et al, 1992), was cut into segments 10.2 (static freshwater exposure) or 46 cm long (flow-through exposures). 0.1 (static freshwater exposures) and 0.5 mL (flow-through exposures and static salinity treatments) of triolein were pipetted into each segment of LDPE tubing, the lipid was spread into thin films (Huckins et al, 1990) and then the tubing heat-sealed three times at the each end. As configured for this study, the 0.1 and 0.5 mL triolein SPMDs had ~45 and ~220 cm2 of surface area, respectively, and the lipid-to-membrane ratio (w/w) for both configurations was 0.22, which is similar to standard, commercial SPMDs. A standard triolein-containing LDPE SPMD is operationally defined (Huckins et al, 1999) as all devices with ~0.2 triolein-to-membrane (w/w) ratio, a LDPE membrane thickness of 75-90 micromillimeters, and a membrane surface-area to volume ratio of ~450 cm2/mL.
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator:
Lebo, J.A.; Zajicek, J.L.; Huckins, J.N.; Petty, J.D.; Peterman, P.H.
Publication_Date: 1992
Title:
Use of semipermeable membrane devices for in situ monitoring of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in aquatic environments
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Chemosphere
Issue_Identification: 25
Other_Citation_Details: pp. 697-718.
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Huckins, J.N.; Tubergen, M.W.; Manuweera, G.K.
Publication_Date: 1990
Title:
Semipermeable membrane devices contaning model lipid: a new approach to monitoring the bioavailability of lipophilic contaminants and estimating their bioconcentration potential
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Chemosphere
Issue_Identification: 20
Other_Citation_Details: pp. 533-552
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator:
Huckins. J.N.; Petty, J.D.; Prest, H.F.; Orazio, C.E.; Clark, R.C.
Publication_Date: 2000
Title:
Guide for the use of semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) as samplers of waterborne hydrophobic organic contaminants.
Series_Information:
Series_Name: API publication
Issue_Identification: No. 4690
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Washington, D.C.
Publisher: American Petroleum Institute
Other_Citation_Details: 1220 L. Street, N.W.
Methodology_Type: Lab
Methodology_Identifier:
Methodology_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Methodology_Keyword: Laboratory PAH exposures
Methodology_Description:
Laboratory deep-well water with no detectable dissolved and particulate organic carbon (detection limit was 1 mg/L total organic carbon) was used in all exposure studies. All test chambers and stock bottles were covered or under gold lights. Flow-Through Freshwater Exposures: SPMDs were exposed to three concentrations of PPPAHs and control water. Water was pumped into the aquaria at a rate of 6 L per hour. Although the effective linear velocity of water in aquaria was only 0.004 cm s-1, significant turbulence/mixing occurred during each water input event (every 10 minutes). Other details of the exposure system were described (Huckins et al, 1993). Flow-through exposures were conducted at water temperatures of 10, 18, and 26 degrees Centigrade. Each aquarium contained 12 SPMDs at all times (sampled SPMDs were replaced with fresh ones). Replicate SPMDs (n= 3) were sampled on days 0, 4, 7, 14, and 21. The SPMDs (14- and 21-days) were treated weekly with Sanaqua, to minimize periphyton growth. Water samples were collected on days 0 and 21. Static Freshwater Exposures. Multiple cylindrical glass chambers containing 0.91 L of 24 degree C well water and one SPMD each were spiked with 0.91 microgram of each PP PAH. Three replicate SPMDs were sampled on each of days 1, 4, 7, 14, 28, and 56 of the exposure. Water samples (approximately 900 mL) were taken at each SPMD sampling time. The triolein and the polyethylene membrane of each SPMD were analyzed separately. Effects of Salinity. This pilot study consisted of separate, 28-day static exposures of SPMDs to radiolabeled (ring-UL-14C)phenanthrene and -diben[a,h] anthracene at different salinities. Well water was reconstituted with Instant Ocean simulate marine water ([M] 33 g/L) and estuarine water ([E]) 11 g/L). The unamended well water was used foro freshwater (F). The exposure temperatue was maintained at 18 degrees Centigrade. Replicate SPMDs (n = 3) and water samples (n = 3) were collected on days 4, 7, 14, and 28 of the study. Sample Processing and Residue Enrichment. Water. The volumes of water sampled from flow-through exposure chambers were 8 L for the control and the 1 ng/L exposures, 4L for the 10 ng/L exposure, and 2 L for the 100 ng/L exposure. The samples were collected on days 0 and 21. Water samples from the flow-through and static exposures were extracted by partitioning with CH2Cl2 (Petty et al, 1994). SPMDs. Processing of exposed SPMDs involved the complete removal of any exterior periphytic growth (Huckins et al, 1996). The SPMD cleaning step is particularly important because poor dialytic recoveries have been observed for planar compounds with high Kows. These losses appear to be due to the presence of sorptive organic carbon phases (e.g., soot) in the periphyton, or on the exterior membrane surface, as well as the periphyton layer itself. For SPMDs from static freshwater and saline exposures, membranes and lipids were analyzed as separate samples. Lipid was rinsed from the insides of the SPMDs using multiple washes of hexane and further treated as described for dialysates. The extraction procedure used for SPMD membranes was identical to that used for whole SPMDs. Recovery of PAHs from SPMDs was accomplished by dialysis in hexane (75 mL) for 48 hours at 18 degrees C (Huckins et al, 1990; Petty et al, 1994 ; Huckins et al, 1996). Concentrated dialysates and lipid rinses containing native PAHs were further enriched by high performance gel permeation chromatography (Lebo et al, 1995; Petty al, 1995; and Huckins et al 1996.) The fractions collected were then passed through small water columns of potassium silicate (Petty et al, 1994). Afterward, azulene was added to the concentrated eluates to serve as an instrumental internal standard.
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator:
Huckins, J.N; Manuweera, G.K.;Petty, J.D.; Mackay, D.; Lebo, J.A.
Publication_Date: 1993
Title:
Lipid-Containing semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) for monitoring organic contaminants in water.
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Environ. Sci. Technol.
Issue_Identification: 27
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator:
Petty, J.D.; Huckins, J.N.; Orazio, C.E.; Lebo, J.A.; Clark, R.C
Publication_Date: 1994
Title:
Laboratory studies of the use of Semipermeable Membrane Devices (SPMDs) as passive water samplers of polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) priority pollutants;
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Final Report
Issue_Identification: Project 93-045
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Columbia, Missouri
Publisher:
U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, Columbia Environmental Research Center (formerly known as National Biological Survey)
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
For samples analyzed by gas chromatography (GC)/Photoionization detection (PID), the method limits of deterction and method limits of quantitation (MQL) were determined by measuring the detector response of coincident peaks for each analyte in control SPMDs (n = 3) or control water extracts taken through the entire sample cleanup procedure. The MDL was defined as the mean response in the quantitiation windows of control samples plus three standard deviations of values so determined (Keith, 1991). The MQL was defined as the mean plus 10 standard deviations of the control values (Keith) MDLs and MQLs were determined for each set of SPMD samples and for each sample day and temperature. For those analytes with no coincident response in the SPMD controls, an average noise peak area equivalent to 2 ng was estimated.
Process_Date: unknown
Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
Overview_Description:
Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
Entity - semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs); Associated attributes - PAH sampling rates
Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: unknown
Distribution_Information:
Distributor:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization:
U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources
Division, Columbia Environmental Research Center
Contact_Person: Christopher Henke
Contact_Position: Webmaster
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 4200 New Haven Rd
City: Columbia
State_or_Province: MO
Postal_Code: 65201
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 573-875-5399
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 573-876-1896
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: chris_henke@usgs.gov
Distribution_Liability:
Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the accuracy or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. This disclaimer applies both to individual use of the data and aggregate use with other data. It is strongly recommended that these data are directly acquired from a U.S. Geological Survey server, and not indirectly through other sources which may have changed the data in some way. It is also strongly recommended that careful attention be paid to the contents of the metadata file associated with these data. The U.S. Geological Survey shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and/or contained herein.
Custom_Order_Process: Please contact distributor.
Metadata_Reference_Information:
Metadata_Date: 20000529
Metadata_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization:
Raytheon Information Technology and Scientific
Services (ITSS)
Contact_Person: Cheryl Solomon
Contact_Position: Ecosystem Coordinator
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address
Address: 4500 Forbes Boulevard
City: Lanham
State_or_Province: MD
Postal_Code: 20706
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 301 794-3049
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 301 794-3164
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: solomon@gcmd.nasa.gov
Metadata_Standard_Name:
NBII Content Standard for National Biological Information Infrastructure Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: December 1995
Metadata_Access_Constraints: None
Metadata_Use_Constraints: None
Generated by mp version 2.5.6 on Mon Jul 31 10:10:01 2000