Tolerance of Freshwater Test Organisms to Formulated Sediments for Use as Control Materials in Whole Sediment Toxicity Tests.

Metadata:

Identification_Information:
Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator:
Nile E, Kemble, F. James Dwyer, Christopher G. Ingersoll, Timothy D. Dawson, and Teresa J. Norberg King
Publication_Date: 1998
Title:
Tolerance of Freshwater Test Organisms to Formulated Sediments for Use as Control Materials in Whole Sediment Toxicity Tests.
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Columbia, Missouri
Publisher:
U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, Columbia Environmental Research Center
Description:
Abstract:
A method is described for preparing formulated sediments for use in toxicity testing. Ingredients used to prepare formulated sediments included commercially available silt, clay, sand, humic acid, dolomite, and alpha-cellulose (as a source of organic carbon). Alpha Cellulose was selected as the source of organic carbon because it is commerically available, consistent from batch to batch, and low in contaminant concentrations. The tolerance of freshwater test organisms to formulated sediments for use as control materials in whole-sediment toxicity testing was evaluated. Sediment exposures were conducted for 10 days with the amphipod Hyalella azteca, the midges Chironomus riparius and C. tentans, and the oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus and for 28 days with Hyalella azteca. Responses of organisms in formulated sediments was compared with a field-collected control sediment that has routinely been used to determine test acceptability. Tolerance of organisms to formulated sediments was evaluated by determining responses to varying levels of alpha cellulose, to varying levels of grain size, to evaluation of different food types, or to evaluation of different sources if overlying water. In the 10 day exposures, survival of organisms exposed to the formulated sediments routinely met or exceeded the responses of test organisms exposed to the control sediment and routinely met test acceptability criteria required in standard methods. Growth of amphipods and oligochaetes in 10-d exposures with formulated sediment was often less than the growth of organisms in the field-collected control sediment.
Purpose:
The objective of this study is to develop a method for preparing formulated sediments for use in toxicity testing using materials that are all commercially available in a consistent form. The tolerance of freshwater test organisms to formulated sediments as a means of determining whether these sediments could prove useful as control materials in sediment toxicity tests was evaluated. The response of test organisms in formulated sediments was compared with their response to a field-collected control sediment that has been routinely used to determine test acceptability. Test organisms evaluated included the amphipod Hyalella azteca, the midges Chironomus riparius and C. tentans, and the oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus.
Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 1996
Currentness_Reference: observed
Status:
Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: alpha cellulose
Theme_Keyword: sediment testing
Taxonomy:
Taxonomic_Keywords: amphipod
Taxonomic_Keywords: midge
Taxonomic_Keywords: oligochaete
Taxonomic_Coverage:
Specific_Taxonomic_Information:
Kingdom: Animal
Division-Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Malacostraca
Order: Amphipoda
Family: Hyalellidae
Genus: Hyalella
Species: Hyalella azteca
General_Taxonomic_Coverage: amphipod
Taxonomic_Coverage:
Specific_Taxonomic_Information:
Kingdom: Animal
Division-Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Diptera
Family: Chironomidae
Genus: Chironomus
Species: Chironomus riparius
General_Taxonomic_Coverage: midge
Taxonomic_Coverage:
Specific_Taxonomic_Information:
Kingdom: Animal
Division-Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Diptera
Family: Chironomidae
Genus: Chironomus
Species: Chironomus tentans
General_Taxonomic_Coverage: midge
Taxonomic_Coverage:
Specific_Taxonomic_Information:
Kingdom: Animal
Division-Phylum: Annelida
Class: Clitellata
Order: Lumbriculida
Family: Lumbriculidae
Genus: Lumbriculus
Species: Lumbriculus variegatus
General_Taxonomic_Coverage: oligochaete
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints: None
Point_of_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Nile Kemble
Contact_Organization:
U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources
Division, Columbia Environmental Research Center
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 4200 New Haven Road
City: Columbia
State_or_Province: Missouri
Postal_Code: 65201
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (573) 876-1887
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (573) 876-1896
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: Nile_Kemble@usgs.gov
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator:
Nile E. Kemble, F. James Dwyer, Christopher G. Ingersoll, Timothy D. Dawson, and Teresa J. Norberg
Publication_Date: 1998
Title:
Tolerance of Freshwater Test Organisms to Formulated Sediments for Use as Control Materials in Whole-Sediment Toxicity Tests
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
Issue_Identification: Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 222-230
Data_Quality_Information:
Logical_Consistency_Report: not applicable
Completeness_Report:
Sediment exposures were conducted 10 days with 4 organisms in the laboratory - 1 amphipod, 2 midges and 1 oligochaete and for 28 days with the amphipod.
Lineage:
Methodology:
Methodology_Type: Lab
Methodology_Identifier:
Methodology_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Methodology_Keyword: preparation of formulated sediments
Methodology_Description:
Formulated sediments were prepared following methods described by Walsh et al. and Harrahy and Clements. Before use, the sand (white quartz#1 dry; New England Silica, South Windsor, CT) was rinsed with gentle mixing in well water (hardness 283 mg/L as CaCO3, alkalinity 255 as CaCO3, pH 7.8) until the water ran clear, rinsed for 5 minutes with deionized water, and air dried. Alpha Cellulose (Sigma Chemical, St. Louis, MO) was used as the source of organic carbon in the formulated sediments. A silt and clay mixture (ASP 400; Englehart, Edison, NJ was obtained from Mozel, St. Louis. Dixie brand dolomite (Southern Agri-Minerals, Hartford) was used a source of bicarbonate buffers that occur naturally in soils and sediments. Tolerance of test organisms to three different formulated sediments was evaluated in formulated sediment A (FS-A), which nominally contained high sand (80%) and low total organic carbon (TOC) (1.5%), formulated sediment B (FS-B), which nominally contained high sand (63%) and high TOC (7.5%) , and formulated sediment C (FS-C), which nominally contained low sand (14%) and low TOC (1.5%) (Appendix 1). Dry sediment ingredients were added to a 3.8-L glass jar, mixed for 1 hour using a Jar Mill (Cole-Parmer, model 755RMV; Niles, IL; at about 65 rotations per minute), and then sealed and stored dry. Subsamples of these three sediments were also sent to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) laboratory in Duluth, MN, for use in interlaboratory evaluations.
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator:
Walsh, G.E., Weber, D.E., Simon, T.L., Brashers, L,K.
Publication_Date: 1991
Title:
Toxicity of Tests of Effluents with Marsh Plants in Water and Sediment
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Environ Toxicol Chem
Issue_Identification: 10: 517-525
Methodology_Type: Lab
Methodology_Identifier:
Methodology_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Methodology_Keyword: analysis of ingredients
Methodology_Description:
Ingredients used to formulate sediments were analyzed for the following contaminants: metals, volatiles, acid compounds, base/neutral compounds, organochlorine pesticides (OCs), organophosphorus pesticides (OPs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) by Gascoyne Laboratories (Baltimore, MD). Volatile organic analysis was conducted following EPA method 8240A, using gas chromatography with mass spectrometry for identification and quantification of specific compounds. Pesticides and herbicides were measured using gas chromatography with an electron capture detector following EPA methods 8080 and 8150A. Semivolatile organics were measured following EPA method 8270B, using gas chromatography with mass spectrometry for identification and quantification of specific compounds. Metals were measured following EPA methods 6010A and 7000, using inductively coupled plasma atomic emissions spectroscopy and atomic absorption spectroscopy (including cold vapor technique) to measure specific elements. Wet chemistry analyses were conducted using spectrophotometric, selective ion electrode, gravimetric, and titrimetric techniques.
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Publication_Date: 1983
Title: Methods for chemical analysis of water and wastes.
Series_Information:
Series_Name: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency series
Issue_Identification: EPA 600/4-79-020
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Cincinatti, OH
Publisher: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Methodology_Type: Lab
Methodology_Identifier:
Methodology_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Methodology_Keyword: Culturing of test organisms
Methodology_Description:
Midges were mass cultured in polyethylene chambers (30 x 30 x 30 cm) containing 3 L of well water according to procedures outlined by Ingersoll et al. First-instar larvae of C. riparius (<48 hour old) used in testing were obtained by placing individual egg cases in 100-ml glass chambers containing 50 ml of test water at 23 degrees Centigrade for about 2 days before hatching. Third-instar larvae of C. tentans used in testing were obtained by placing egg cases in the polyethylene chambers. After hatching, C. Tentans were held for 10 days. Isolated midge were fed 2 ml of ground Tetramin (50 g/L) per day or 2 ml every other day, with a diet of Chlorella (0.5 g/L) on the alternate days. Oligochaetes (L. variegatus were mass cultured in 80-L glass aquaria containing 50 L of well water using brown paper towels as substrate and were removed directly from culture aquaria for testing.
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Ingersoll, CG, Dwyer, F.J.
Publication_Date: 1990
Title:
Toxicityof inorganic and organic selenium to Daphnia magna (Cladocera) and Chironomus riparius (Diptera)
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Environ Toxicol Chem
Issue_Identification: 9
Other_Citation_Details: pp. 1171-1181
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Cahill RA, Autrey AD, Anderson RV, Grubaugh JW.
Publication_Date: 1987
Title:
Improved measurement of the organic carbon content of various river components.
Series_Information:
Series_Name: J Freshw Ecol
Issue_Identification: 4:219-223
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: American Public Health Association
Publication_Date: 1992
Title:
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Washington, D.C.
Publisher: American Public Health Association
Methodology_Type: Lab
Methodology_Identifier:
Methodology_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Methodology_Keyword: Culturing of test organisms
Methodology_Description:
Amphipods were mass cultured in 80-L glass aquaria containing 50 L of well water (hardness 286 mg/L as CaCO3), alkalinity 258 mg/L as CaCO3, pH 7.8) using a nylon coiled-web material (3M, Saint Paul, MN) as a substrate. Known-age amphipods were isolated by placing mixed aged adults in a #35 U.S. Standard size sieve (5-mm mesh) inside a pan containing ~2 cm of well water. After 24 h, well water was sprinkled through the sieve, flushing neonates 24 hours of age or younger into the pan below. Isolated amphipods were then placed into glass-lift chambers for 10 days before the exposure began. Isolated amphipods were fed maple leaves and ground Tetramin ad libitum before starting the sediment exposures.
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator:
Tomasovic MJ, Dwyer F.J., Greer, I.E., Ingersoll, C.G.
Publication_Date: 1995
Title:
Recovery of known age Hyalella azteca (Amphipoda) from sediment toxicity tests.
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Environ Toxicol Chem
Issue_Identification: 14
Other_Citation_Details: pp. 1177-1180
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator:
Cleveland, L., Little EE, Ingersoll CG, Wiedmeyer RH, Hunn, JB.
Publication_Date: 1991
Title:
Sensitivity of brook trout to low pH, low calcium and elevated aluminum concentrations during laboratory pulse exposures.
Series_Information:
Series_Name: 19
Issue_Identification: Aquat Toxicol
Other_Citation_Details: pp. 303-318
Methodology_Type: Lab
Methodology_Identifier:
Methodology_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Methodology_Keyword: analysis of ingredients
Methodology_Description:
Sediment particle size analysis was conducted following hydrometer methods described by Foth et al., Gee and Bauder, and Kemble et al. Total organic carbon was determined by coulimetric titration following methods described by Cahill et al. and Kemble et al. Total nitrogen and phosphorus analysis was conducted on alpha-cellulose by Engineering Surveys and Services Testing Laboratory in Columbia, Missouri.
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Foth HD, Withee LV, Jacobs HS, Thien SJ.
Publication_Date: 1982
Title: Laboratory Manual for Introductory Soil Science.
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Dubuque, IA
Publisher: Brown Company
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Gee, G.W., Bauder, J.W.
Publication_Date: 1986
Title: Particle size analysis
Larger_Work_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Klute, A., ed.
Publication_Date: 1986
Title: Methods of Soil Analysis
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Agronomy Series
Issue_Identification: No. 9, part 1
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Madison, Wisconsin
Publisher: American Society of Agronomy
Other_Citation_Details: pp. 383-411
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Kemble, N.E., et al
Publication_Date: 1993
Title: Sediment Toxicology
Larger_Work_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator:
Ingersoll CG, Brumbaugh WG, Farag AM, La Point TW, Woodward DF, eds
Publication_Date: 19930510
Title:
Effects of Metal-Contaminated Sediment, Water, and Diet on Aquatic Organisms
Series_Information:
Series_Name: NTIS
Issue_Identification: PB93-215952
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Springfield, Virginia
Publisher: National Technical Information Services
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Survival data for amphipods and midges and maturation data for amphipods were arcsin transformed before analyses were performed. Survival data for oligochaetes was transformed using a square root transformation of the final counts. Comparisons of mean survival or maturation were made using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with mean separation by Fisher's protected least significant difference test (alpha = 0.05). Comparison of mean length or head capsule width were made using nested ANOVA. Variance among treatment means for weight, body length, and head capsule width was heterogenous. Therefore, a rank ANOVA was performed, and mean differences were determined using a t test on ranked means (at alpha = 0.05). All statistical analyses were performed with Statistical Analyses System.
Process_Date: 1998
Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
Overview_Description:
Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
Entity - Amphipods and Oligochaetes; Assoicated attributes - grain size, food type, evaluation of different sources of overlying water.
Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: unknown
Distribution_Information:
Distributor:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization:
U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources
Division, Columbia Environmental Research Center
Contact_Person: Christopher Henke
Contact_Position: Webmaster
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 4200 New Haven Rd
City: Columbia
State_or_Province: MO
Postal_Code: 65201
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 573-875-5399
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 573-876-1896
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: chris_henke@usgs.gov
Distribution_Liability:
Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the accuracy or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. This disclaimer applies both to individual use of the data and aggregate use with other data. It is strongly recommended that these data are directly acquired from a U.S. Geological Survey server, and not indirectly through other sources which may have changed the data in some way. It is also strongly recommended that careful attention be paid to the contents of the metadata file associated with these data. The U.S. Geological Survey shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and/or contained herein.
Custom_Order_Process: Please contact distributor.
Metadata_Reference_Information:
Metadata_Date: 200002
Metadata_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization:
Raytheon Information Technology and Scientific
Services (ITSS)
Contact_Person: Cheryl Solomon
Contact_Position: Ecosystem Coordinator
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address
Address: 4500 Forbes Boulevard
City: Lanham
State_or_Province: MD
Postal_Code: 20706
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 301 794-3049
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 301 794-3164
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: solomon@gcmd.nasa.gov
Metadata_Standard_Name:
NBII Content Standard for National Biological Information Infrastructure Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: December 1995
Metadata_Access_Constraints: None
Metadata_Use_Constraints: None
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