Tolerance of an Albino Fish to Ultraviolet-B Radiation

Metadata:

Identification_Information:
Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator:
David L. Fabacher, Edward E. Little, Gary K. Ostrander
Publication_Date: 1999
Title:
Tolerance of an Albino Fish to Ultraviolet-B Radiation
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Columbia, Missouri
Publisher:
U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, Columbia Environmental Research Center
Description:
Abstract:
Albino and pigmented medaka (Oryzias latipes) were exposed to simulated solar ultraviolet-B (UVB) radiation to determine if albino medaka were less tolerant of UVB radiation than medaka pigmented with melanin. There was no difference in the number of albino and pigmented medaka that died during the exposure period. Spectrophotometric analyses of the outer dorsal skin layers from albino and pigmented medaka indicated that, prior to exposure, both groups of fish had similar amounts of an apparent colorless non-melanin photoprotective substance that appears to protect other fish species from UVB radiation. The results indicate that albino medaka were as tolerant of UVB radiation as pigmented medaka because they had similar amounts of this photoprotective substance in the outer layers of the skin.
Purpose:
The data were collected in order to determine if albino medaka were less tolerant of radiation than were pigmented medaka. The dorsal skin of unexposed albino and pigmented medaka was examined for the presence of a non-melanin photoprotective substance.
Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 199806
Ending_Date: 199808
Currentness_Reference: observed
Status:
Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: melanin
Theme_Keyword: outer skin layers
Theme_Keyword: photoprotection
Theme_Keyword: tolerance
Theme_Keyword: ultraviolet-B radiation
Theme_Keyword: UVB radiation
Theme_Keyword: photoprotective substance
Theme_Keyword: pigment
Theme_Keyword: skin pigmentation
Taxonomy:
Taxonomic_Keywords: fish
Taxonomic_Keywords: medaka
Taxonomy:
Taxonomic_Coverage:
Specific_Taxonomic_Information:
Kingdom: Animal
Division-Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Genus: Oryzias
Species: Oryzias latipes
Applicable_Common_Names: medaka
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints: None
Point_of_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: David L. Fabacher
Contact_Organization:
United States Geological Survey, Biological
Resources Division, Columbia Environmental
Research Center
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 4200 New Haven Road
City: Columbia
State_or_Province: Missouri
Postal_Code: 65201
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (573) - 875-1872
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 573-876-1896
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: David_Fabacher@usgs.gov
Data_Set_Credit:
Robin Hurtubise and Aaron Delonay are thanked for their assistance in conducting the studies.
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator:
David L. Fabacher, Edward E. Little, Gary K. Ostrander
Publication_Date: 1999
Title:
Tolerance of an Albino Fish to Ultraviolet-B Radiation
Data_Quality_Information:
Logical_Consistency_Report: not applicable
Completeness_Report: unknown
Lineage:
Methodology:
Methodology_Type: Lab
Methodology_Identifier:
Methodology_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Methodology_Keyword:
removal of tissue and preparation of methanol extracts
Methodology_Description:
The dorsal skin of albino and pigmented medaka was also examined for the presence of a photoprotective substance that appears to protect other fish species from UVB radiation. Six unexposed albino and six unexposed pigmented medaka from the culture tanks were killed by cold shock and the skin of each fish in an area behind the head, in front of the dorsal fin, and above the lateral lines was then scraped with a scalpel. The skin scrapings (outer dorsal skin layers) were weighed and then homogenized in 2 ml of absolute methanol. The homogenate was centrifuged and the pellet was discarded, yielding a methanol extract.
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Fabacher, D.L.; Little, E.E.
Publication_Date: 1998
Title:
Photoprotective substance occurs primarily in outer layers of fish skin.
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Environ. Sci. & Pollut. Res.
Issue_Identification: 5:4-6
Methodology_Type: Lab
Methodology_Identifier:
Methodology_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Methodology_Keyword: animals
Methodology_Description:
Albino medaka were obtained from the Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Stocks, Bioscience Center, Nagoya University, Japan, and reared to adulthood. Pigmented (wild-type) medaka were obtained as eggs from the Gulf Coast Research Laboratory, Ocean Springs, MS, United States. Albino medaka had a mean total length of 3.0 cm and a mean wet weight of 0.35 g, while pigmented medaka had a mean total length of 3.2 cm and a mean wet weight of 0.36 g at the time of exposure. Prior to exposure to UVB radiation the fish were held in uncovered culture tanks under the same ambient conditions provided by indirect sunlight from windows and supplemental cool white fluorescent lamps. During this time around one-fourth of the culture tank containing albino medaka was covered so the fish could seek shade from indirect and supplemental light. However, like pigmented medaka, albino medaka were observed to be dispersed throughout the culture tank and were not concentrated under the covered portion.
Methodology_Type: Lab
Methodology_Identifier:
Methodology_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Methodology_Keyword: exposure of fish
Methodology_Description:
Fish were removed from the culture tanks and exposed in a solar simulator with a light cap fixture containing four 160 watt UVB lamps (peak emission at 313 nm), eight UVA lamps, ten cool white fluorescent lamps, and three halide lamps. The simulator was suspended over a water bath and was enclosed with reflective specular aluminum. The UVB lamps were controlled by a timer to operate for 5 hours each day while the cool white and UVA lamps were controlled by separate timers to operate for 16 hours each day, simulating a midsummer photoperiod. Fish were stocked in open-top-glass 24x15x23 airlift chambers. The water depth in each chamber was around 13 cm. Groups of five albino medaka were stocked in each of eight uncovered chambers for a total of 40 fish and groups of five pigmented medaka were stocked in each of eight uncovered chambers for a total of 40 fish. The control conditions were created by covering the top of each of four additional chambers with two layers of 0.76 mm polycarbonate and then covering the sides of each of the four chambers with one layer of 0.76 mm polycarbonate and one layer of mylar. Replicate groups of five albino or five pigmented medaka were stocked in these chambers. The spectral characteristics of ultraviolet radiation that the fish received were measured with an Optronic Laboratories Model 754 spectroradiometer. The appropriate spectral data were then converted to dosage of UVB radiation. Fish in uncovered chambers were exposed to an average UVB dose of 3.7 J (Joules/cm2/day(d) for 10 days.
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Little, E.E., Fabacher, D.L.
Publication_Date: 1996
Title:
Exposure of freshwater fish to simulated solar UVB radiation.
Larger_Work_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: G.K. Ostrander (Ed.)
Publication_Date: 1996
Title: Techniques in Aquatic Toxicology
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Boca Raton, Florida
Publisher: Lewis Publishers
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Methanol extracts were scanned in a Beckman DU 640 spectrophotometer. The absorption maximum and net absorbance were calculated for each extract by the software in the spectrophotometer. A semiquantitative estimate of the amount of each peak of absorbance was then calculated to yield absorbance units/mg wet weight of tissue. Statistical significance (p<0.05) was determined for each peak amount by a t-test (Corel Quattro Pro 7, Farmingdale, NY).
Process_Date: 1999
Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
Overview_Description:
Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
Entity - albino and pigmented fish - Oryzias latipes, medaka; Associated attributes - absorption maxima (nanometers).
Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: unknown
Distribution_Information:
Distributor:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization:
U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources
Division, Columbia Environmental Research Center
Contact_Person: Christopher Henke
Contact_Position: Webmaster
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 4200 New Haven Rd
City: Columbia
State_or_Province: MO
Postal_Code: 65201
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 573-875-5399
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 573-876-1896
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: chris_henke@usgs.gov
Distribution_Liability:
Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the accuracy or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. This disclaimer applies both to individual use of the data and aggregate use with other data. It is strongly recommended that these data are directly acquired from a U.S. Geological Survey server, and not indirectly through other sources which may have changed the data in some way. It is also strongly recommended that careful attention be paid to the contents of the metadata file associated with these data. The U.S. Geological Survey shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and/or contained herein.
Metadata_Reference_Information:
Metadata_Date: 200004
Metadata_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization:
Raytheon Information Technology and Scientific
Services (ITSS)
Contact_Person: Cheryl Solomon
Contact_Position: Ecosystem Coordinator
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address
Address: 4500 Forbes Boulevard
City: Lanham
State_or_Province: MD
Postal_Code: 20706
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 301 794-3049
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 301 794-3164
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: solomon@gcmd.nasa.gov
Metadata_Standard_Name:
NBII Content Standard for National Biological Information Infrastructure Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: December 1995
Metadata_Access_Constraints: None
Metadata_Use_Constraints: None
Generated by mp on Tue May 23 09:01:13 2000