Comparative Sensitivity of Selenastrum capricornutum and Lemna minor to Sixteen Herbicides.

Metadata:

Identification_Information:
Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator:
J.F. Fairchild, D.S. Ruessler, P.S. Haverland, A.R. Carlson
Originator:
U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, Columbia Environmental Research Center (formerly known as Midwest Science Center)
Publication_Date: 1996
Title:
Comparative Sensitivity of Selenastrum capricornutum and Lemna minor to Sixteen Herbicides.
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Columbia, Missouri
Publisher:
U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, Columbia Environmental Research Center (formerly known as the Midwest Science Center)
Other_Citation_Details:
This study was funded in part by EPA IAG DW14935600-01-03.
Description:
Abstract:
Aquatic plant toxicity tests are frequently conducted in environmental risk assessments to determine the potential impacts of contaminants on primary producers. An examination of published plant toxicity data demonstrates that wide differences in sensitivity can occur across phylogenetic groups of plants. Yet relatively few studies have been conducted with the specific intent to compare the relative sensitivity of various aquatic plant species to contaminants. The investigators compared the relative sensitivity of the algae Selenastrum capricornutum and the floating vascular plant Lemna minor to 16 herbicides(atrazine, metribuzin, simazine, cyanazine, alachlor, metolachlor, chlorsulfuron, metsulfuron, triallate, EPTC, trifluralin, diquat, paraquat, cicamba, bromoxynil, and 2,4-D). The herbicides studied represented nine chemical classes and several modes of action and were chosen to represent major current uses in the United States. Both plant species were generally sensitive to the triazines (atrazine, metribuzin, simazine, and cyanazine), sulfonureas (metsulfuron chlorsulfuron) and the pyridines (diquat and paraquat) than Selenastrum. However, Selenastrum was more sensitive than Lemna to one of two thiocarbamates (triallate) and one of the triazines (cyanazine). Neither species was sensitive to selective broadleaf herbicides including bromoxynil, EPTC, dicamba, or 2,4-D. Results were not always predictable in spite of obvious differences in herbicide modes of action and plant phylogeny. Major departures in sensitivity of Selenastrum occurred between chemicals within individual classes of the triazine, acetanilide, and thiocarbamate herbicides. Results indicate that neither species is predictively most sensitive, and that a number of species including a dicot species such as Myriophyllum are needed to perform accurate risk assessments of herbicides.
Purpose:
The objective of this study was to compare the relative sensitivity of Selenastrum capricornutum and Lemna minor to sixteen herbicides. Studies were conducted to provide basic toxicological information as well as to compare the relative sensitivity of the two species both within and across different classes of herbicides.
Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 19931001
Ending_Date: 19941001
Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Status:
Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: comparative sensitivity
Theme_Keyword: herbicides
Theme_Keyword: triallate
Theme_Keyword: toxicity
Theme_Keyword: plant toxicity
Theme_Keyword: pyridines
Theme_Keyword: diquat
Theme_Keyword: paraquat
Theme_Keyword: thiocarbamates
Theme_Keyword: triazines
Theme_Keyword: sulfonureas
Theme_Keyword: metsulfuron
Theme_Keyword: chlorsulfuron
Theme_Keyword: atrazine
Theme_Keyword: metribuzin
Theme_Keyword: simazine
Theme_Keyword: cyanazine
Taxonomy:
Taxonomic_Keywords: algae
Taxonomic_Keywords: Selenastrum capricornutum
Taxonomic_Keywords: Lemna minor
Taxonomy:
Taxonomic_Coverage:
Specific_Taxonomic_Information:
Kingdom: Plant
Division-Phylum: Chlorophycota
Class: Chlorophyceae
Order: Chlorococcales
Family: Scenedesmaceae
Genus: Selenastrum
Species: Selenastrum capricornutum
General_Taxonomic_Coverage: algae
Taxonomic_Coverage:
Specific_Taxonomic_Information:
Kingdom: Plant
Division-Phylum: Magnoliophyta
Class: Liliopsida
Order: Arales
Family: Lemnaceae
Genus: Lemna
Species: Lemna minor
General_Taxonomic_Coverage: floating vascular plant
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints: Dataset credit required
Point_of_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: James F. Fairchild
Contact_Organization:
U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources
Division, Columbia Environmental Research Center
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 4200 New Haven Rd.
City: Columbia
State_or_Province: Missouri
Postal_Code: 65201
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (573) 876-1871
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (573) 876-1896
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: James_Fairchild@usgs.gov
Data_Set_Credit:
Paul Heine, Phil Lovely, and David Whites conducted the technical work within this study. Ciba-Geigy, Dow-Elanco, DuPont, ICI Americas, Monsanto, Rhone-Poulenc, Sandoz, and Shell Intl. Corporations are thanked for donation of chemicals.
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator:
J.F. Fairchild, D.S. Ruessler, P.S. Haverland, and A.R. Carlson
Publication_Date: 1997
Title:
Comparative sensitivity to Selenastrum capricornutum and Lemna minor to sixteen herbicides.
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol
Issue_Identification: 32
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: New York, New York
Publisher: Springer-Verlag
Other_Citation_Details: pp. 353-357.
Data_Quality_Information:
Logical_Consistency_Report: Not Applicable.
Completeness_Report:
Herbicides were chosen to represent chemicals of current major agricultural use (Giannesi and Puffer 1991); USDA 1995) across a wide range of general classes and modes of action.
Lineage:
Methodology:
Methodology_Type: Lab
Methodology_Identifier:
Methodology_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Methodology_Keyword: environmental chamber culture
Methodology_Description:
Studies were conducted at the U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, Columbia Environmental Research Center (formerly known as the Midwest Science Center) in Columbia, Missouri. Selenastrum capricornutum and Lemna Minor were obtained from Carolina Biological Supply Company, Burlington, North Carolina. Both plant species were cultured and tested in an environmental chamber using similar lighting and temperature conditions (16:8 light:dark cycle; cool white fluorescent lighting; 400 ft-c intensity; 25 degrees C). Selenastrum was tested using a modification of the 96 hour algal method of ASTM (1993). A 5-ml volume of ASTM media, inoculated at a cell density of 20,000 cells/ml, was incubated in a 10-ml test tube stoppered with a sterilized polyurethane foam plug. Tubes were incubated on racks at approximately 10 degree above horizontal to maximize the surface area at the air: water interface and to prevent contact of the water with the foam plug. Tubes were hand shaken once every 24 hours. Biomass was estimated every 24 hours using in vivo fluorescence measured using a Turner Designs Model 10 Flurometer (Mountain View, CA). Lemna was tested according to the 96 hour assay of Taraldson and Norberg-King (1990), which was basically modified from APHA (1985) by eliminating EDTA and including a soil extract as an additional nutrient source. Tests were conducted under static conditions using 12 fronds incubated in 25-ml media contained in 50-ml beakers. Biomass estimates were based on measurement of frond numbers at 48 72, and 96 hours. Basic procedures and test conditions are presented in Table 1 of Fairchild et al, 1997.
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: American Society for Testing and Materials
Publication_Date: 1993
Title:
Standard Guide for Conducting Static 96 hour toxicity Tests with Microalgae: Practice E 1218-90
Larger_Work_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: American Society for Testing and Materials
Publication_Date: 1993
Title:
Annual Book of ASTM Standards - Water and Environmental Technology - 1993
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Publisher: American Society for Testing and Materials
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Taraldson, J.E. and Norberg-King, T.J.
Publication_Date: 1990
Title:
New Method for determining effluent toxicity using duckweed (Lemna minor)
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Environ Toxicol Chem
Issue_Identification: 9:761-767
Methodology_Type: Lab
Methodology_Description:
Herbicides were chosen to represent chemicals of current major agricultural use (Giannesi and Puffer 1991); USDA 1995) across a wide range of general classes and modes of action. Chemicals, chemical classes, chemical names, chemical abstract presented in Table 2 of Fairchild et al, 1997. (Herbicide Handbook 1994). All herbicide stock solutions were prepared from technical-grade materials in either acetone or water and then diluted in a 50% dilution series (five concentrations plus solvent and negative controls; tripliate replication using the growth media cited in Table 1 of Fairchild et al, 1997. Individual containers were tested in a completely randomized experimental design inside a lighted temperature-controlled environmental chamber. Calculation of effect levels were based on nominal herbicide concentrations.
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Giannesi, L.P. and Puffer C.
Publication_Date: 1991
Title:
Herbicide Use in the United States: A National Summary Report
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Washington, D.C.
Publisher: Resources for the Future
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: U.S. Department of Agriculture
Publication_Date: 199503
Title:
Agricultural Chemical Usage: 1994 field crops summary.
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Ag Ch
Issue_Identification: 1 (95)
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Washington, D.C.
Publisher: U.S. Department of Agriculture
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Weed Society of America
Publication_Date: 1994
Title: Herbicide Handbook
Edition: 7th edition
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Champaign, Illinois
Publisher: Weed Society America
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Data was analyzed by the Statistical Analysis System (SAS 1993). Biomass data was expressed as percent control response. Calculation of the effective concentrations resulting in 50% growth inhibition (EC50's) compared to controls were calculated using non-linear regression (VanEwijk and Hoekstra 1993). Differences between individual treatments were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). No observed effect (NOEC) and Lowest observed effect (LOEC) levels were determined using Duncan's Multiple Range Test (p<= 0.05) (Snedecor and Cochran 1967).
Process_Date: 19941001
Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
Indirect_Spatial_Reference: Not based on geographical references.
Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
Overview_Description:
Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
Entity - Selenastrum capricornutum and Lemna minor; Associated attributes - Aquatic Plant Toxicity and Sensitivity to 16 herbicices: alachlor, atrazine, bromoxynil, chlorsulfuron, cyanazine, dicamba, diquat, EPTC, metolachlor, metribuzin, metsulfuron, paraquat, simazine, triallate, trifluralin, 2,4-D as measured by EC50, NOEC and LOEC.
Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: unknown
Distribution_Information:
Distributor:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization:
U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources
Division, Columbia Environmental Research Center
Contact_Person: Christopher Henke
Contact_Position: Webmaster
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 4200 New Haven Rd
City: Columbia
State_or_Province: MO
Postal_Code: 65201
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 573-875-5399
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 573-876-1896
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: chris_henke@usgs.gov
Distribution_Liability:
Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the accuracy or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. This disclaimer applies both to individual use of the data and aggregate use with other data. It is strongly recommended that these data are directly acquired from a U.S. Geological Survey server, and not indirectly through other sources which may have changed the data in some way. It is also strongly recommended that careful attention be paid to the contents of the metadata file associated with these data. The U.S. Geological Survey shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and/or contained herein.
Custom_Order_Process: Please contact distributor.
Metadata_Reference_Information:
Metadata_Date: 200003
Metadata_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization:
Raytheon Information Technology and Scientific
Services (ITSS)
Contact_Person: Cheryl Solomon
Contact_Position: Ecosystem Coordinator
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address
Address: 4500 Forbes Boulevard
City: Lanham
State_or_Province: MD
Postal_Code: 20706
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 301 794-3049
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 301 794-3164
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: solomon@gcmd.nasa.gov
Metadata_Standard_Name:
NBII Content Standard for National Biological Information Infrastructure Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: December 1995
Metadata_Access_Constraints: None
Metadata_Use_Constraints: None
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